Does The Kinetic Energy of Photons varies

Abstract 

In this paper I am trying to say that, the laws of universe are same in everywhere and every action. We can explain everything in the same mode. According to me there is no any specialty in black body radiation or photoelectric effect. We can explain them naturally like every action occurring in our surroundings. Nature is giving us the answers if we observe it clearly. We can observe everything as simple even big bang, inflation or any action happening in our surroundings as the same. Everything in the nature is working under the same laws. I am trying to say we can observe inflation in every action where a force is applying. Here I am trying to understand about the force and energy. If we can understand very well, what is happening, when a force is applying to an object? It will give us the answer for everything. For me kinetic energy or potential energy of the object will not change the equilibrium of the system, so it is not mingling with the stored energy in it. I am not adding any new ideas here; I am just explaining what we know. A single photon doesn’t have a rest mass but it can show gravity and it can add a mass to a system. I am trying to state that, gravity is closely related to the frequency of a particle than its mass. For me to explain the quantum gravity we have to bring the planks relation into macroscopic level. If bring it into the macroscopic level we can find the relationship between mass and frequency in macroscopic level. Introduction [1 – 21] Here I am trying to know more about Energy. I think that my observations will give us a clearer image about energy. I am not trying to admit a new concept in current physics; I am trying to make a better explanation for our present concepts about energy with my observations in our surroundings. We are having the very best equations for Energy (E=mc2 and E= hv). Einstein explained us the relation between mass and Energy. And the Planks relation E=hv relates energy with the frequency. To say something about my thoughts on the subject Energy, I would like to go back to the period of Plank and Einstein and find a relation between these two theories. Plank explained us about the Black body radiation and Einstein explained us photoelectric effect. I was curious about these two phenomenons and I was intended to think about blackbody radiation and photoelectric effect [3–16] to reach some conclusions. Blackbody radiation describes about the amount of energy required to form an electromagnetic field (a quantum). Here we can say a photon as a unit particle. So here we can see that the amount of energy required forming a unit particle or a photon and its frequency. Once we go through the photoelectric effect we can see that a photon can eject an electron from an atom, if it has the sufficient frequency. So it is clear that frequency of a photon varies. That means frequency of particles can vary according to the amount of energy stored in it. So here we can say that the minimum amount of energy required (work function) to a photon to eject an electron from an atom. The intensity of the photons has no role in this situation. Here we can say that, if a photon doesn’t have sufficient energy to eject an electron from an atom, it will radiate from the atom at the same time. So the amount of energy stored in a particle is directly related to the frequency. These observations made me think about the particles and the amount of energy stored in it. In blackbody radiation we can see that the amount of energy required to creating an electromagnetic field and in photoelectric effect we can see that the amount of energy required to a photon to eject an electron from an atom. Now we can imagine if the amount of energy is less than this level what will happens. Normally we can say that its frequency will be less. In a blackbody it can’t create an electromagnetic field and in photoelectric effect it can’t eject an electron from an atom. So it is just acting on the object and cannot cause anything seriously. At this stage I am intended to think that if a particle with the amount of stored energy much lesser than that of a photon (may be half or something less than a photon).what will happen if it is like that? Normally we can say that the frequency will be that much lesser. So at this time those particles with lesser energy in it cannot act against anything. It can be act like a transparent object and it can show only gravity according to its frequency. I am trying to explain about this below. According to me if one or more photons are accommodating in a system, it can add some mass to the total system. Like this way these low energy particles can add mass on a system according to the number of the particles in the system. Here I am intended to say that dark matter may be existing as particles like this (that’s why it can contribute mass and gravity to the total energy of the universe). Here we can use the equation E=Һѵ and calculate the energy of the particle. I just have started my new project about quantum gravity with these thoughts and hope to get a good result soon. Now we will think about photons and we know that photon doesn’t show any rest mass even it travels with the speed of light. In light, we can observe photons with different frequencies at same kinetic Energy (velocity). This made me think about kinetic energy. We all knows that Kinetic Energy KE = ½ mv2 , and we can see the presence of mass and velocity of the object. So kinetic energy is the energy (force) which effect on another object (energy). An external force is acting on an object, when it was at inertia or in motion. This equation doesn’t state anything about the mass of the kinetic energy. We also know that if the velocity increase it will increase the mass also because E= mc2 . Now we will see what is happening when an object get a motion by an external force (energy). The energy will increase into E+Ke. So mc2 + ½ mv2 = total energy of the moving object. Here mc 2 is the energy when the object was at rest and ½ mv2 as the kinetic energy. Here to calculate kinetic energy we are using the mass and velocity of the object, and naturally we say that kinetic energy can add a mass to the object. We are unable to know about the mass of the force (energy) which was applied on the object to get its kinetic energy. Here I am intended to say that, Kinetic energy or potential energy will never add a mass to the object (don’t confuse with rest mass and weight). If kinetic or potential energy adds a mass to the object, a photon which moves at a velocity of light must obtain mass and if it has a mass it can’t reach at this velocity (velocity of light). So what is happening or what is kinetic energy? Peoples say a flying photon has mass. In any condition a photon add a mass to it; it will reduce its velocity. If kinetic energy adds a mass on photon, it needs an additional energy to keep the velocity as the same. Does kinetic energy of photons varies? [2 – 21] 

 I am always trying to understand something from my surroundings, when I was thinking about kinetic energy of a moving object and the additional mass to the object by the kinetic energy made me think about momentum. We knows the equation of momentum P= mv. Here also we are using the mass and velocity of the object to calculate the momentum. We also knows that, if velocity or mass increase, it will increase the momentum too. Imagine an object with mass 5kg and velocity 8m/s. We can calculate the momentum of the object as 40 Ns and Kinetic energy as 160 N. Now we can increase the velocity of the object as 10m/s again we can measure the momentum as 50 Ns and kinetic energy as 250 N. Now I am increasing the mass of the object as 10 kg and keep the velocity as 8 m/s. and I calculate the momentum as 80 Ns and kinetic energy as 320 N. By this example I would like to explain the kinetic energy of a photon. So if I increase the mass or velocity it will increase the momentum and kinetic energy. Now we will see what is happening here. An object at a mass and a velocity have its momentum. To change the velocity of the object, I have to increase or decrease the applied force (kinetic energy). If I change the mass and need to keep the same velocity, I have to change the applied force. If I increase the mass and the applied force (kinetic energy) keep as the same as before, the object will have a less velocity than previous and the momentum remains same. So momentum is property of the external force which is acting on the object or momentum will be decided by the applied force. So we know that an applied force (Kinetic Energy) is adding momentum to the object. Here I wish to say, kinetic energy or momentum will not affect the equilibrium of the system and so it will never make any change (except motion) on a physical body [3, 16]. We can see that if we increase mass of the object and keep the kinetic energy as the same, it will decrease the velocity only. So here I would like to say that, the velocity of the moving object is depending with the rest mass of the object and kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is a form of energy which is only accompanying the object and easily removable. These observations revealed me that energy is affecting to an object in two different ways, permanently and temporary (Force). What I mean by a permanent energy is the energy which an object (electron in photo electric effect) can absorb in it and the temporary energy (force) is the form of energy like kinetic energy or potential energy, which is only adding to the object or a system. Here I will show an example and I think it will give us a clear idea about kinetic energy. I just want to stick two wood pieces with a nail. So I hit the nail with a hammer and the nail will penetrate into the woods. Here I am applying a force on the nail; the work is done by me because I give a kinetic energy to the hammer. We are sure that, the work is done and we get the result. Kinetic energy will not rest with the nail after it penetrate into the wood, it is liberating from the nail. Here I already release a force and it is transferred to the nail and I get the result. So the applied force must have to conserve in the nail and its mass have to increase, but it is not happening here. So kinetic energy is adding to the nail temporarily and after that it is releasing from the object. To explain this we can think according to the photoelectric effect or black body radiation. While explaining photoelectric effect [11], Albert Einstein agreed that the energy of a photon is related to its frequency. Here I am taking photoelectric effect as an example to explain my ideas. In photoelectric effect a photon can eject an electron from an object. It depends on the frequency of the photon and even if we increase the intensity of photons, it will not eject electron from an atom if it has no sufficient frequency. If we go through this concept slowly, we can observe some interesting things about energy. As I told above, frequency of the photon is directly related to the amount of stored energy in it. A single photon doesn’t show any mass but it can contribute a mass to other objects if it is absorbed in it. During photo electric effect, when an electron is absorbing a photon, the absorbed photon will add a mass to the electron. We know that photons are moving at the speed of light and have no rest mass. Here we can say that a photon or a moving object have two different energies (stored energy in it and the kinetic energy). This show if a photon has sufficient energy (amount of stored energy in it and kinetic energy), it will absorbed by the electron and ready to move away. The kinetic energy of the photon will add to the electrons kinetic energy and allow the electron to eject from the atom. Here we can see two different actions 1. Energy is acting on energy, 2. Force acting on force [2,3,11]. Energy acting on energy; the electron is absorbing the amount of stored energy in the photon. Force acting on force; kinetic energy of photon is adding to the kinetic energy of electron. Kinetic energy of the photon we can call as the work function. Now I will show an example to clear this point. Imagine an object is moving with a constant velocity, and after a time I am applying a force on it. We can see that the object will accelerate suddenly according to the applied force. It will increase its kinetic energy with the applied force. And we can see that the applied force is acting with the kinetic energy of the object and it is not absorbing by the object. Here we can clearly observe that the force is acting on the force and the increasing kinetic energy according to the applied force. It is the time to think about the kinetic energy of a photon. As I said in an example above, velocity of the moving object is related with the rest mass of the object and its kinetic energy. If we consider a photon, it has no rest mass. We have no doubts that a photon has its own energy in it. So we have to work with the amount of stored energy in it, because mass is also a form of energy. As I said before that “Energy of a photon is directly related to its frequency” [2- 20] and we know the energy of a photon E = hv. We have no doubts that the amount of stored energy in photons varies. Now we can imagine two photons (X and Y) at rest and the amount of stored energy in these two are different. We can say the energy in X is greater than Y. Now we can apply a same amount of force (Kinetic energy) on these two photons. The velocity of these two photons must be different at this time. Here kinetic energy (external force because the photons where at rest) is acting on an object (photon). We know that velocity of a photon V = vλ. Here velocity (kinetic energy) of a photon is the velocity of light “c” is a constant. So this equation also showing us the kinetic energy (the applied force to achieve the velocity) of each photons varies. To keep the constant velocity (if it is related to the frequency which varies on each photons), the kinetic energy must be vary. Here photon is the object and it has no rest mass, so the existence of photon depends upon the amount of energy stored in it at rest. We know that photons have the velocity of light. So if it needs to keep a same velocity, it must have different kinetic energy in each photon. And we can say kinetic energy of each photon varies according to the amount of energy stored in it (frequency). Now we will come back to photo electric effect. Once kinetic energy is adding to the electron, it is acting as the same way (it is only adding with the kinetic energy of electron). Naturally we can have a doubt that, a photon has the velocity of light and the ejected electron doesn’t, even the kinetic energy is same? Here the electron will gain momentum and electron will not get the same velocity as the photon because of the mass difference between photon an electron. Ie; an electron has a rest mass greater than photon (photon don’t have a rest mass). So now here we have to think only with the kinetic energy of the photon which is adding to the electrons kinetic energy. These two process (Absorption of energy of photon and addition of kinetic energy of photon to the kinetic energy of electron) must have happen in the plank time and the effect of the absorption of energy of photon into the electron will be in the inflationary period (to clarify this, I will explain inflation below), because the laws of universe is always same to every actions. Photo electric effect or black body radiation is not showing any specialty to me. These are just an action like other things in the universe. To understand this, we will take some water in a jar and apply a temperature on it. We know the water will boil at 100o c, if we apply a temperature of 90o c on the water, it will never boil. If the temperature is not sufficient to boil the water it can’t do the work what I expect from it. So laws of universe are always same for everything in the universe, even we can apply it with the big bang cosmology (we can explain also Big bang in the same way). I have been taken plank time here for the absorption of energy of photon and addition of kinetic energy of photon to the kinetic energy of electron, because it (the shortness of time to show the effects when a force is applied on an object) is well described in big bang cosmology (an applied force was created the big bang) and I says the laws of universe is same for all motions in the universe. We can observe it in every action (even simple or complicated) occurring in our nature. The second important point of photoelectric effect shows that the energy of emitted electron is not related with the intensity of photons (we can see it directly in the water boiling experiment). Intensity of photon; while photons are hitting continuously to the electron, intensity is the number of photons hitting at the same time. Intensity of photons is not important in photoelectric effect, but according to my observations I can say that, it is directly supporting photo electric effect. According to me its surroundings has an important role on every physical action. If there are no sufficient conditions nothing will happen. Surroundings are creating the sufficient conditions. Now we will go back to the water boiling experiment and if I explain it in the language of photo electric effect, it will be like this way. When we are increasing the temperature the intensity of the applied energy remain as the same and we are increasing only the frequency of the heat energy. It will make the water boil. Now we will come back to photo electric effect, if things are normal an electron can absorb some amount of energy and add some kinetic energy from a photon and rest will absorb, add from another photon, and easily get ejected from the atom. It is not happening here, so time is having an important role on the absorption of energy, as I explained above with the big bang cosmology. If it doesn’t absorb the sufficient energy and add the kinetic energy in a time limit, it will radiate the absorbed energy within not time. So the absorption must be happen in the plank time and the reaction on the inflationary period (example big bang cosmology). Now we will try to know something about inflation. All we know inflation as a cosmological hypothesis regarding the big bang and the expansion of universe. According to me inflation is a phenomenon occurring, when a force acting on an object. We can observe or feel inflation on all kind of motions and the rate of inflation depends upon the amount of applied force.